For the sour taste, the hedonic scores remained stable with the increase of the stimulus in noncancer controls (r=-0.785, P=0.115) and decreased in cancer patients (r=-0.996, P=0.0001). Both in cancer patients and in healthy subjects, hedonic judgments increased with the increase of the stimulus for the sweet taste (r=0.978 and r=0.985, P=0.004 and P=0.002, respectively), and decreased for the salty (r=-0.827 and r=-0.884, P=0.084 and P=0.047, respectively) and bitter tastes (r=-0.990 and r=-0.962, P=0.009 and P=0.001, respectively). A negative linear correlation was found between sour, bitter, and salty concentrations and hedonic score. Hedonic function increased with the increase of the stimuli only for the sweet taste. Intensity judgments were higher in cancer patients with respect to sweet (for median and high concentrations, P<0.05), salty (for all concentrations, P<0.05), and bitter tastes (for median concentration, P<0.01). Mean intensity scores directly correlated with concentrations of sour, salty, bitter, and sweet stimuli, in both normals and those with cancer. Patients were invited to express a judgment of intensity and pleasantness ranging from 0 to 10. Five suprathreshold concentrations of each of the four test substances (sucrose in black current drinks, citric acid in lemonade, NaCl in unsalted tomato juice, and urea in tonic water) were used. The present study aimed at evaluating taste intensity and hedonic responses to simple beverages in 47 anorectic patients affected by gastrointestinal cancer and in 55 healthy subjects. However, data on intensity and hedonic responses to the four basic tastes in cancer are scanty and contradictory. Pleasures of the mind differ in the objects of the emotions they comprise.Changes in the taste of food have been implicated as a potential cause of reduced dietary intake among cancer patients. Thus pleasures of the mind occur when an individual has a definite set of expectations (usually tacit) and the wherewithal to interpret the violation (usually by placing it in a narrative framework). The emotions that characterize pleasures of the mind arise when expectations are violated, causing autonomic nervous system arousal and thereby triggering a search for an interpretation.
The idea that all pleasurable stimuli share some general characteristic should be supplanted by the idea that humans have evolved domain-specific responses of attraction to stimuli. Some distributions of emotions over time are particularly pleasurable, such as episodes in which the peak emotion is strong and the final emotion is positive. Pleasures of the mind are not emotions they are collections of emotions distributed over time. The distance senses provide a special category of pleasure. Pleasures of the body are given by the contact senses and by the distance senses (seeing and hearing). There are two types of pleasures of the body: tonic pleasures and relief pleasures.
Pleasures of the mind are different from pleasures of the body.
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